The marketplace of ideas holds that the truth will emerge from the competition of ideas in free, transparent public discourse and concludes that ideas and ideologies will be culled according to their superiority or inferiority and widespread acceptance among the population.

Anwar Ibrahim is the Prime Minister of Malaysia. Historically, he has been touted as a liberal and an icon of the Reformasi movement. Owing to a string of political losses, Anwar has been increasingly using islamic rhetoric to pander to Malay Muslims in the country in a gambit to win more votes.

The New START is a nuclear arms reduction treaty signed in 2010 between the United States (US) and the Russian Federation. In 2023, Russia, suspended its participation in New START, but did not withdraw from the treaty, clarifying their intention to abide by the numerical limitations of specified in the treaty.

In 2024, the US announced that they would increase their nuclear arsenal citing deterrence of adversaries. This is a reversal from their previous stance of nuclear disarmament.

Memory laws are legal regulations that govern how societies remember and commemorate historical events, particularly those considered sensitive or traumatic. They often dictate what can be said, taught, or depicted regarding certain historical events, such as genocide or war crimes. Examples include Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code which prohibits insults against Turkish heroes as well as Eastern European laws banning symbols of communism.

Bottom-up development focuses on empowering and allocating resources directly within local communities. In contrast, top-down development involves distributing power and resources from a central national level

Misandry is the categorical hated for, contempt for, or prejudice against men or boys. It includes but is not limited to overgeneralized criticisms, hate speech against men, discrimination in promotion opportunities etc

The U.S. college admissions system is holistic, considering a combination of factors like grades, standardized test scores, extracurricular activities, essays, and recommendation letters. It allows for a broader evaluation of a student's potential beyond academics.

In contrast, China's system is heavily exam-focused, centered around the Gaokao, a national college entrance exam. Students' Gaokao scores are the primary determinant of their college admission, with little emphasis on extracurricular activities or personal achievements. The process is highly standardized and competitive, with success largely hinging on this single exam.